DrillLab
开始StartNode.js, npm, node_modules and the lockfile
练习Practice

动手做Get your hands on it

练习跟着课文走 —— 每节课尾都有本课的练习。这一页是全部练习的总库，想集中刷题的时候来。 每个练习都写清了它来自哪一节，卡住了就回去看那一节。Practice follows the lessons — every lesson ends with the exercises for that lesson. This page is the whole library, for when you want to drill in one sitting. Each exercise names the lesson it came from, so you can go back when you stall.

0 / 148个做对过you got right
筛一下Filter theseFederation 考试Federation exam
课程Course全部All地基 · 项目与语言Foundations · project and languageReact 考试React examFederation 考试Federation exam面试八股Interview questionsCab BookingCab Booking
难度LevelL1 → L4 和上面四档同一个意思：给你的东西越来越少L1 → L4: the same idea as the four tiers above — less is handed to you全部难度All levelsL1L1L2L2L3L3L4L4
类型Kind全部类型All kinds认出来Spot it排顺序Order it填空Fill the blanks写整块Write a blockDebug LabDebug Lab从零重写Rebuild from scratch

已筛到你正在学的《Federation 考试》。想看全部就点上面的「全部」。Filtered to Federation exam — the course you are on. Use “All” above to see everything.

练习Exercises

筛出 47 个练习（共 148 个） · 第 3 / 4 页。Showing 47 of 148 · page 3 / 4.
来自From TODO 1 · User.ordersTODO 1 · User.orders · Federation 考试Federation exam
L3写整块Write a block不看答案，自己写出 User.ordersWrite User.orders yourself, without looking at the answer

按 TODO 的三条要求写完整实现。检查器会核对方法名、兜底、 错误处理和 correlation id。

Write the full implementation against the three requirements in the TODO. The checker looks at the method name, the fallback, the error handling and the correlation id.

要求Requirements
  • 用 user.id 去取该用户的订单Use user.id to fetch that user's orders
  • 调用数据源上真实存在的方法Call a method that really exists on the data source
  • 绝不返回 null 或 undefined（schema 是 [Order!]!）Never return null or undefined (the schema says [Order!]!)
  • 用 try/catch 包住，失败时抛 GraphQLErrorWrap it in try/catch and throw a GraphQLError on failure
  • 错误的 extensions 里带 code 和 correlationIdPut code and correlationId in the error's extensions
  • 已经是 GraphQLError 的错误要原样往上抛，不要重新包装Rethrow an error that is already a GraphQLError untouched, without rewrapping it
  • 日志里带上 correlationIdInclude correlationId in the log line
JavaScriptsrc/resolvers/orderResolvers.js
This check is textual: it looks for the right constructs, it does not run your code
提示Hints共 4 级，已看 0 级4 levels, 0 opened
先自己想两分钟。想不出来再点右上角 —— 提示是一级一级放的，不会一次给完。Think for two minutes first. Then use the button above — hints come one level at a time, never all at once.

看答案之前，先确认你已经自己动手写过一遍。看懂别人的答案和自己写出来，是两种能力。Before you open this, make sure you have written it yourself once. Following someone else's answer and producing your own are two different skills.

来自From TODO 2 · Order.shippingInfoTODO 2 · Order.shippingInfo · Federation 考试Federation exam
L2填空Fill the blanks补全 Order.shippingInfoFill in Order.shippingInfo

三个空。第 1 个决定你答不答得到 N+1 考点， 第 3 个决定第二条测试过不过。

Three blanks. The first decides whether you answer the N+1 question at all; the third decides whether the second test passes.

JSsrc/resolvers/orderResolvers.js3 个空3 blanks
1async shippingInfo(parent, _, { dataSources, loaders, correlationId }) {
2 try {
3 const shippingInfo = await .shippingInfoLoader.load(parent.);
4
5 return shippingInfo ?? ;
6 } catch (error) {
7 if (error instanceof GraphQLError) throw error;
8 console.error(`[${correlationId}] Error:`, error.message);
9 throw new GraphQLError('Failed to fetch shipping info', {
10 extensions: { code: ErrorCodes.SERVICE_ERROR, correlationId, orderId: parent.id }
11 });
12 }
13}
把 3 个空都填上才能检查（还差 3 个）Fill all 3 blanks to check (3 to go)
来自From TODO 2 · Order.shippingInfoTODO 2 · Order.shippingInfo · Federation 考试Federation exam
L1认出来Spot it为什么不能直接调数据源Why you cannot just call the data source

dataSources.shippingDataSource.getShippingInfo(parent.id) 能让两条测试都通过。为什么还是错的？

dataSources.shippingDataSource.getShippingInfo(parent.id) makes both tests pass. So why is it still wrong?

先选一个选项Pick an option first
来自From TODO 3 & 4 · Query.order 与 Query.ordersTODO 3 & 4 · Query.order and Query.orders · Federation 考试Federation exam
L2填空Fill the blanks补全两个 Query resolverFill in both Query resolvers

四个空横跨两个 resolver。注意它们数据来源不同、兜底策略不同。

Four blanks across two resolvers. Note they read from different places and need different fallbacks.

JSsrc/resolvers/orderResolvers.js4 个空4 blanks
1// schema: order(id: ID!): Order （可空）
2async order(_, { id }, { dataSources, loaders, correlationId }) {
3 try {
4 const order = await loaders..load(id);
5
6 if (!order) {
7 throw new GraphQLError(`Order not found: ${id}`, {
8 extensions: { code: ErrorCodes., correlationId }
9 });
10 }
11 return order;
12 } catch (error) {
13 if (error instanceof GraphQLError) throw error;
14 throw new GraphQLError('Failed to fetch order', {
15 extensions: { code: ErrorCodes.SERVICE_ERROR, correlationId }
16 });
17 }
18}
19
20// schema: orders(userId: ID!): [Order!]! （双重非空）
21async orders(_, { }, { dataSources, correlationId }) {
22 try {
23 const orders = await dataSources.orderDataSource.getOrdersByUserId(userId);
24 return orders ?? ;
25 } catch (error) {
26 if (error instanceof GraphQLError) throw error;
27 throw new GraphQLError('Failed to fetch orders', {
28 extensions: { code: ErrorCodes.SERVICE_ERROR, correlationId }
29 });
30 }
31}
把 4 个空都填上才能检查（还差 4 个）Fill all 4 blanks to check (4 to go)
来自From TODO 3 & 4 · Query.order 与 Query.ordersTODO 3 & 4 · Query.order and Query.orders · Federation 考试Federation exam
L3写整块Write a block不看答案，自己写出两个 Query resolverWrite both Query resolvers yourself, without looking at the answer

两个函数一起写。注意它们的数据来源、兜底策略、 context 解构都不一样。

Write both functions together. They differ in where they read from, what they fall back to, and what they destructure out of context.

要求Requirements
  • Query.order 用 orderLoader 取数据Query.order reads through orderLoader
  • Query.order 找不到时抛带 ORDER_NOT_FOUND code 的 GraphQLErrorWhen Query.order finds nothing, it throws a GraphQLError carrying the ORDER_NOT_FOUND code
  • Query.orders 用 orderDataSource.getOrdersByUserId 取数据Query.orders reads through orderDataSource.getOrdersByUserId
  • Query.orders 校验 userId，非法时抛 INVALID_INPUTQuery.orders validates userId and throws INVALID_INPUT when it is not valid
  • Query.orders 绝不返回 null（schema 是 [Order!]!）Query.orders never returns null (the schema says [Order!]!)
  • 两个都用 try/catch，catch 里先放行已有的 GraphQLErrorBoth use try/catch, and the catch lets an existing GraphQLError through first
  • 两个都在日志里带上 correlationIdBoth include correlationId in their log line
JavaScriptsrc/resolvers/orderResolvers.js
This check is textual: it looks for the right constructs, it does not run your code
提示Hints共 4 级，已看 0 级4 levels, 0 opened
先自己想两分钟。想不出来再点右上角 —— 提示是一级一级放的，不会一次给完。Think for two minutes first. Then use the button above — hints come one level at a time, never all at once.

看答案之前，先确认你已经自己动手写过一遍。看懂别人的答案和自己写出来，是两种能力。Before you open this, make sure you have written it yourself once. Following someone else's answer and producing your own are two different skills.

来自From 三处埋雷：怎么系统地找出来The three planted bugs: how to find them systematically · Federation 考试Federation exam
L3Debug LabDebug LabDebug Lab · Cannot read properties of undefinedDebug Lab · Cannot read properties of undefined

Mutation.createOrder 的测试挂了。 报错说在读一个 undefined 的属性。自己分诊。

The Mutation.createOrder test fails. The error says something read a property of undefined. Diagnose it yourself.

第 1 步 · 先看现象和代码，别急着改Step 1 · read the symptom and the code before you touch anything
● Order Resolvers › Mutation.createOrder resolver › should create a new order successfully GraphQLError: Failed to create order 91 | } catch (error) { 92 | console.error(`[${correlationId}] Error creating order:`, error.message); > 93 | throw new GraphQLError('Failed to create order', { # 往上翻，console.error 打出的原始错误是： console.error [test-correlation-id] Error creating order: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'createOrder')● Order Resolvers › Mutation.createOrder resolver › should create a new order successfully GraphQLError: Failed to create order 91 | } catch (error) { 92 | console.error(`[${correlationId}] Error creating order:`, error.message); > 93 | throw new GraphQLError('Failed to create order', { # Scroll up: the raw error that console.error printed is console.error [test-correlation-id] Error creating order: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'createOrder')
JavaScriptsrc/resolvers/orderResolvers.js示意Illustrative
1const order = await dataSources.orderAPI.createOrder({ userId, items });
2
3// 参考：index.js 里 context 的 return
4// return {
5// dataSources: { orderDataSource, inventoryDataSource, shippingDataSource },
6// loaders: { shippingInfoLoader, orderLoader },
7// correlationId
8// };
1const order = await dataSources.orderAPI.createOrder({ userId, items });
2
3// For reference: what the context function in index.js returns
4// return {
5// dataSources: { orderDataSource, inventoryDataSource, shippingDataSource },
6// loaders: { shippingInfoLoader, orderLoader },
7// correlationId
8// };
第 2 步 · 这是什么类型的错误Step 2 · what kind of error is this
来自From 三处埋雷：怎么系统地找出来The three planted bugs: how to find them systematically · Federation 考试Federation exam
L3Debug LabDebug LabDebug Lab · 错误码不对（不报错的那种 bug）Debug Lab · The wrong error code (the kind of bug that throws nothing)

代码跑得通，没有异常。但测试说错误码不对。 这是三处埋雷里最值得理解的一处。

The code runs and raises no exception, but the test says the error code is wrong. Of the three planted bugs, this is the one most worth understanding.

第 1 步 · 先看现象和代码，别急着改Step 1 · read the symptom and the code before you touch anything
● Order Resolvers › Error handling › should return structured error for validation failures expect(received).toBe(expected) // Object.is equality Expected: "INVALID_INPUT" Received: "SERVICE_ERROR" # 测试代码： # const input = { userId: '789', items: [] }; ← 空 items，应该被校验拦下 # try { # await resolvers.Mutation.createOrder({}, input, context); # throw new Error('Should have thrown an error'); # } catch (error) { # expect(error.extensions.code).toBe('INVALID_INPUT'); # }● Order Resolvers › Error handling › should return structured error for validation failures expect(received).toBe(expected) // Object.is equality Expected: "INVALID_INPUT" Received: "SERVICE_ERROR" # The test code: # const input = { userId: '789', items: [] }; ← empty items, validation should stop it # try { # await resolvers.Mutation.createOrder({}, input, context); # throw new Error('Should have thrown an error'); # } catch (error) { # expect(error.extensions.code).toBe('INVALID_INPUT'); # }
JavaScriptsrc/resolvers/orderResolvers.js示意Illustrative
1try {
2 if (!userId || !items || items.length === 0) {
3 throw new GraphQLError('Invalid order input', {
4 extensions: { code: ErrorCodes.INVALID_INPUT, correlationId }
5 });
6 }
7 const order = await dataSources.orderDataSource.createOrder(userId, pricedItems);
8 return order;
9} catch (error) {
10 console.error(`[${correlationId}] Error creating order:`, error.message);
11 throw new GraphQLError('Failed to create order', {
12 extensions: { code: ErrorCodes.SERVICE_ERROR, correlationId }
13 });
14}
1try {
2 if (!userId || !items || items.length === 0) {
3 throw new GraphQLError('Invalid order input', {
4 extensions: { code: ErrorCodes.INVALID_INPUT, correlationId }
5 });
6 }
7 const order = await dataSources.orderDataSource.createOrder(userId, pricedItems);
8 return order;
9} catch (error) {
10 console.error(`[${correlationId}] Error creating order:`, error.message);
11 throw new GraphQLError('Failed to create order', {
12 extensions: { code: ErrorCodes.SERVICE_ERROR, correlationId }
13 });
14}
第 2 步 · 这是什么类型的错误Step 2 · what kind of error is this
来自From 先看懂给你的东西：Spring 的几个注解和一条请求链路Understand what you are given: a few Spring annotations and the path one request takes · Federation 考试Federation exam
L1认出来Spot it找不到订单时该怎么处理What to do when the order is not found

getOrderById 端点里，orderService.getOrderById(id) 找不到时会抛EntityNotFoundException。 控制器应该怎么写？

In the getOrderById endpoint, orderService.getOrderById(id) throws EntityNotFoundException when it finds nothing. How should the controller be written?

先选一个选项Pick an option first
来自From 先看懂给你的东西：Spring 的几个注解和一条请求链路Understand what you are given: a few Spring annotations and the path one request takes · Federation 考试Federation exam
L1认出来Spot it这三个参数注解各从哪取值Where each of these parameter annotations reads from

请求是 PATCH /api/orders/7/status， body 是 {"status":"SHIPPED"}。
方法签名是 updateOrderStatus(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody Map<String,String> statusUpdate)。id 和 statusUpdate 分别是什么？

The request is PATCH /api/orders/7/status with the body {"status":"SHIPPED"}.
The method signature is updateOrderStatus(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody Map<String,String> statusUpdate). What are id and statusUpdate?

先选一个选项Pick an option first
来自From 六个端点：状态码就是这道题的全部Six endpoints: the status codes are the whole task · Federation 考试Federation exam
L1认出来Spot itPOST 创建成功该返回什么What a successful POST should return

POST /api/orders 成功创建了一个订单。 该返回哪个状态码，怎么写？

POST /api/orders created an order successfully. Which status code should it return, and how do you write that?

先选一个选项Pick an option first
来自From 六个端点：状态码就是这道题的全部Six endpoints: the status codes are the whole task · Federation 考试Federation exam
L1认出来Spot it为什么 return null 能骗过三个测试Why return null fools three of the tests

baseline 状态下六个端点全是 return null， 五个测试却通过了三个。为什么？

At the baseline all six endpoints are just return null, yet three of the five tests pass. Why?

先选一个选项Pick an option first
来自From 六个端点：状态码就是这道题的全部Six endpoints: the status codes are the whole task · Federation 考试Federation exam
L2填空Fill the blanks补全三个关键端点的状态码与调用Fill in the status codes and calls of three key endpoints

五个空。第 2、4、5 个是这道题真正的得分点。

Five blanks. Numbers 2, 4 and 5 are where the credit in this question actually is.

JAVAOrderController.java5 个空5 blanks
1@GetMapping("/api/orders/{id}")
2public ResponseEntity<Order> getOrderById(@PathVariable Long id) {
3 // 找不到时 service 抛 EntityNotFoundException，交给全局处理器
4 return ResponseEntity.(orderService.getOrderById(id));
5}
6
7@PostMapping("/api/orders")
8public ResponseEntity<Order> createOrder(@Valid @RequestBody CreateOrderRequest request) {
9 Order created = orderService.createOrder(request);
10 return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.).body(created);
11}
12
13@PatchMapping("/api/orders/{id}/status")
14public ResponseEntity<Order> updateOrderStatus(
15 @PathVariable Long id,
16 @RequestBody Map<String, String> statusUpdate) {
17 String raw = statusUpdate.get("status");
18 if (raw == null || raw.isBlank()) {
19 throw new ResponseStatusException(HttpStatus., "status is required");
20 }
21 OrderStatus status = OrderStatus.(raw.trim().toUpperCase());
22 return ResponseEntity.ok(orderService.updateOrderStatus(id, status));
23}
24
25@DeleteMapping("/api/orders/{id}")
26public ResponseEntity<Void> deleteOrder(@PathVariable Long id) {
27 orderService.deleteOrder(id);
28 return ResponseEntity.().build();
29}
把 5 个空都填上才能检查（还差 5 个）Fill all 5 blanks to check (5 to go)